{"receipt":{"id":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","canonicalUrl":"https://phys.org/news/2026-10-overlooked-chemicals-widespread-jersey-bottled.html","submittedUrl":"https://phys.org/news/2026-10-overlooked-chemicals-widespread-jersey-bottled.html","domain":"phys.org","title":"Study finds overlooked 'forever chemicals' widespread in New Jersey tap water and bottled beverages","description":"Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have found that a largely overlooked class of \"forever chemicals\" is widespread in New Jersey drinking water and commercially available bottled beverages, raising new questions about how these persistent contaminants are monitored and potentially introduced into everyday 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TFA is different,\" said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":173,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:09.049Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X44RJGXJYMD3A2Z9ZG3YWR","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBKY","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:53:11.286Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JE41KJG7G5GEP6G4F92V","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBKY","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:10.501Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBKZ","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":11,"text":"TFA is different,\" said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study.","sourceText":"TFA is different,\" said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"Most people have heard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) because they have been the focus of regulations and water testing for years. TFA is different,\" said Siwei Gu, a postdoctoral researcher in NJIT's Emerging Contaminants Research Laboratory and lead author of the study.","spanStart":174,"spanEnd":315,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":true,"demotedReason":"not_checkable","l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:44:50.991Z","evidence":[],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JETDQG7B08R7416A94HB","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBKZ","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:11.211Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM0","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":12,"text":"It is much smaller in molecular size.","sourceText":"\"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS.\"","derivedFrom":"split","context":"\"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS.\"","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":162,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:01.805Z","evidence":[],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JFGM8VNXHTW7CTWMWCW5","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM0","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:11.920Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3M19JWKSFN0PRFN8XMKFN","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":13,"text":"It is highly soluble in water.","sourceText":"\"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials 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capturing traditional PFAS.\"","derivedFrom":"split","context":"\"It is much smaller in molecular size, highly soluble in water and does not bind strongly to many filter materials that work well for capturing traditional PFAS.\"","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":162,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:44:03.157Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:02.255Z","evidence":[],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3M41R1Y3G362M6YHA1WJH","claimId":"01M4X3M19JWKSFN0PRFN8XMKFP","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:44:05.727Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM1","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":15,"text":"To investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages.","sourceText":"To investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"To investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages. Using a specialized laboratory method, they screened for five ultra-short-chain PFAS that can be difficult to measure through conventional testing procedures.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":185,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:06.816Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X40MTHFXN3KH4KBRP29RKN","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM1","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:50:56.377Z"},{"id":"01M4X444RG3HP5E9N94A2GJMBG","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM1","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html","domain":"www.canada.ca","quotedSpan":"(2020) analyzed 70 samples of fish fillets (from purchased whole fish) and shellfish commercially available in the US for 26 PFAS compounds.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:52:51.006Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JG74M74SB1G4YTSRBBRQ","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM1","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:12.636Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM2","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":16,"text":"Using a specialized laboratory method, they screened for five ultra-short-chain PFAS that can be difficult to measure through conventional testing procedures.","sourceText":"Using a specialized laboratory method, they screened for five ultra-short-chain PFAS that can be difficult to measure through conventional testing procedures.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"To investigate these often-overlooked compounds, researchers analyzed 113 samples, including 70 tap-water samples from across New Jersey and 43 commercially available bottled beverages. 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in several northern and northeastern counties, such as Essex, Hudson and Bergen.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The study found a median concentration of 352 nanograms per liter among tap-water samples with detectable TFA, with higher county averages observed in several northern and northeastern counties, such as Essex, Hudson and Bergen.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":228,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:04.528Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X4001QGP4QCMRVDQRSJFFQ","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM5","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled 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the 43 bottled beverages analyzed.\"","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"However, what surprised us was how frequently it was detected, occurring in 64 of the 70 tap water samples collected across New Jersey and 34 of the 43 bottled beverages analyzed.\"","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":181,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:53:57.679Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X3Y6EBHGQ55EZ4HDVM2NC6","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM7","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study 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water and beverages containing added ingredients.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"One of the study's most notable findings involved the considerable differences between plain bottled water and beverages containing added ingredients.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":150,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:08.608Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X414K5SY0Z36NP83K4J940","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM8","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:51:12.524Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JN49M89M1T5EC1PFE1H2","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM8","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:17.663Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM9","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":23,"text":"Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters.","sourceText":"Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters. Concentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter. By comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":157,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:04.066Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X3ZVY42WRV510V9Z8ENVS2","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM9","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Among 43 bottled beverages, TFA was found in 79.1%, with concentrations from 59.6 to 94,100ng/L. The mean concentration in 12 formulated beverages was 15,400ng/L while for 31 bottled waters it was 295ng/L, a 52.2-fold difference.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:50:30.884Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JNTCHMXQ3XD82PB9Q4VJ","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBM9","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:18.388Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMA","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":24,"text":"Concentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter.","sourceText":"Concentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters. Concentrations in some electrolyte waters and sports drinks were particularly elevated, with the highest measurement reaching 94,100 nanograms per liter. By comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter.","spanStart":158,"spanEnd":311,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:04.974Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X4047SJMD9ZPDSG3NANR11","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMA","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html","domain":"www.canada.ca","quotedSpan":"The impact of risk management measures on the concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in source and treated drinking waters in Ontario, Canada.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:50:39.391Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JPGHRRJ3MSG44KWQE8WJ","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMA","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:19.088Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMB","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":25,"text":"By comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter.","sourceText":"By comparison, the highest TFA concentration detected in New Jersey tap water was 1,360 nanograms per liter.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Among the 43 bottled beverages tested, the 12 formulated beverages had an average TFA concentration approximately 52 times higher than the 31 bottled waters. 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Unlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":108,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:10.422Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X41M4N2Y0KVSBVR7G19BX0","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMC","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:51:28.443Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JQXFZ7580915AWR0F1P3","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMC","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:20.527Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMD","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":27,"text":"Unlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA.","sourceText":"Unlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Researchers have not determined why some formulated beverages contained substantially higher concentrations. Unlike plain bottled water, these products may include sweeteners, flavorings, electrolytes and other additives that could introduce additional sources of TFA.","spanStart":109,"spanEnd":268,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:08.161Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X44GPSA8WWG1G5CT5YP8D1","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMD","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:53:03.226Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JRKRP523PZ1GW7TYS2MZ","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMD","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:21.240Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBME","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":28,"text":"\"One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations,\" Gu said.","sourceText":"\"One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations,\" Gu said.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations,\" Gu said. \"However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products.\"","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":170,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":true,"demotedReason":"not_checkable","l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:46:43.832Z","evidence":[],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JSAFY7ZS2MJ9J9K1B5CE","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBME","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:21.955Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMF","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":29,"text":"\"However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products.\"","sourceText":"\"However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products.\"","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"One possible explanation is that ingredients used in these beverages or certain manufacturing processes may be contributing to the elevated TFA concentrations,\" Gu said. \"However, we did not analyze individual ingredients or investigate the manufacturing processes, so we cannot definitively identify the sources of TFA in these products.\"","spanStart":171,"spanEnd":340,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:09.961Z","evidence":[],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JT0NNQPET5W5NP8YRVAW","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMF","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:22.674Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMG","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":30,"text":"TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals.","sourceText":"TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals. It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources. Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":149,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:07.716Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X44CJEYK563JZ8084PN5ZN","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMG","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Filed under Refrigerants · TFA · New Jersey · New Jersey Institute of Technology","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:52:58.988Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JTQPVSMJTX736JX9X52Y","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMG","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:23.418Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMH","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":31,"text":"It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources.","sourceText":"It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals. It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources. Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment.","spanStart":150,"spanEnd":253,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:02.707Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X435P1FEWE0QYQES72TE1A","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMH","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"By comparison, recent TFA data from the U.K. showed an average of 2,600ng/L in surface water and 2,800ng/L in groundwater.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:52:19.166Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JVEA1MC52V1CVDAG2VDY","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMH","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:24.130Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMJ","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":32,"text":"Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment.","sourceText":"Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"TFA can enter the environment through multiple pathways, including the breakdown of certain fluorinated refrigerants, pesticides and other chemicals. It can subsequently be transported through precipitation into surface water and drinking-water sources. Its persistence and high mobility also make it challenging to remove through conventional water treatment.","spanStart":254,"spanEnd":360,"status":"corroborated","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:40.347Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X3ZKPQJTAYDGPHDFS2PAPY","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMJ","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html","domain":"www.canada.ca","quotedSpan":"PFAS are widely used because they are resistant to heat and chemical extremes, but these same characteristics make most conventional treatment technologies ineffective for PFAS removal or destruction both at contaminated sites (see section 2.3) and for drinking water treatment.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"supports","independent":true,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:50:22.455Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JW4Y11RH4QD46R23C08A","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMJ","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:24.849Z"},{"id":"01M4X47FSKPQK0EX51V03HD1XT","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMJ","fromStatus":"unverified","toStatus":"corroborated","reason":"l3_supports","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:40.347Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMK","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":33,"text":"The researchers emphasize that the study represents an initial snapshot of contamination rather than a comprehensive assessment of New Jersey's drinking-water systems.","sourceText":"The researchers emphasize that the study represents an initial snapshot of contamination rather than a comprehensive assessment of New Jersey's drinking-water systems.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The researchers emphasize that the study represents an initial snapshot of contamination rather than a comprehensive assessment of New Jersey's drinking-water systems. Additional sampling will be needed to determine how concentrations vary over time and to identify the sources responsible for geographic differences.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":167,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:06.353Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X40GKJ9BEQT8KF5EP7BXKN","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMK","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:50:52.050Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JWV7KZRM88ZJ5BTPPF0D","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMK","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:25.577Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMM","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":34,"text":"Conventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds.","sourceText":"Conventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The study also points to challenges facing water utilities and regulators. Conventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds. Specialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants.","spanStart":75,"spanEnd":262,"status":"corroborated","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:43.038Z","evidence":[{"id":"01M4X3Z7QVNSAQV6S1P0PXK4SB","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMM","url":"https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/state-per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-report.html","domain":"www.canada.ca","quotedSpan":"The most effective treatment technologies for the removal of PFAS (including PFOS and PFOA) are, alone or combined, granular activated carbon, membrane filtration (reverse osmosis and nanofiltration), and anion exchange (Appleman et al. … Generally speaking, treatment appeared to be less effective with shorter-chain compounds such as PFBS and PFPeA, which were often present in higher concentrations in the treated effluents than in the raw leachate.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"supports","independent":true,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:50:10.248Z"},{"id":"01M4X42XW9GTR20JBS4ENA35DW","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMM","url":"https://naturalrefrigerants.com/news/statewide-study-of-new-jersey-finds-tfa-in-tap-water-and-bottled-beverages","domain":"naturalrefrigerants.com","quotedSpan":"Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have found trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in 86.7% of 113 samples of tap water and bottled beverages collected in New Jersey in what is called the first statewide monitoring study of ultra-short-chain PFAS in the U.S. Out of 70 tap-water samples, TFA, a byproduct of HFO-1234yf and other f-gases, was detected in 91.4%, with concentrations ranging 74 to 1360ng/L, and a mean of 573ng/L.","spanVerified":true,"stance":"context","independent":false,"sourceKind":"retrieval","submitterType":"system","correctionId":null,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:52:11.186Z"}],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JXHX15YKPMPSWDDQMZBB","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMM","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:26.293Z"},{"id":"01M4X47JE9B36QWSE06V3GAJPC","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMM","fromStatus":"unverified","toStatus":"corroborated","reason":"l3_supports","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:43.038Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]},{"id":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMN","receiptId":"01M4X3GPSZMPW6CEHXDTN5NW86","ord":35,"text":"Specialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants.","sourceText":"Specialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The study also points to challenges facing water utilities and regulators. Conventional PFAS treatment technologies, including granular activated carbon and ion-exchange resins, are generally less effective at capturing TFA than many longer-chain PFAS compounds. Specialized testing methods are also needed to reliably measure these smaller contaminants.","spanStart":263,"spanEnd":354,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":null,"namedPersonAllegation":false,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":true,"createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:04.094Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-14T11:54:09.498Z","evidence":[],"history":[{"id":"01M4X3JY83CP8QQ5AN1QKTKFVK","claimId":"01M4X3J7QYAE0ZQM5BGHF7TBMN","fromStatus":null,"toStatus":"unverified","reason":"initial","actorType":"system","createdAt":"2026-10-14T11:43:27.014Z"}],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[]}],"now":1792140066888}