{"receipt":{"id":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","canonicalUrl":"https://phys.org/news/2026-10-recycled-fertilizers-sanitation-effective-conventional.html","submittedUrl":"https://phys.org/news/2026-10-recycled-fertilizers-sanitation-effective-conventional.html","domain":"phys.org","title":"Recycled fertilizers from sanitation systems are as effective as conventional fertilizers, study finds","description":"Agriculture depends on a reliable supply of nutrients. Phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, for example, are indispensable for agricultural crop production. 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Phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, for example, are indispensable for agricultural crop production. 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Phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, for example, are indispensable for agricultural crop production. However, natural reserves are limited, vary greatly in regional availability or are very energy-intensive to extract.","spanStart":156,"spanEnd":273,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:39.988Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV2X","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":5,"text":"Resource-oriented sanitation systems (ROS) offer a sustainable solution for managing these raw materials: they collect nutrient-rich material streams from human excreta separately and, as far as possible, undiluted with water.","sourceText":"Resource-oriented sanitation systems (ROS) offer a sustainable solution for managing these raw materials: they collect nutrient-rich material streams from human excreta separately and, as far as possible, undiluted with water.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Resource-oriented sanitation systems (ROS) offer a sustainable solution for managing these raw materials: they collect nutrient-rich material streams from human excreta separately and, as far as possible, undiluted with water. After targeted treatment, the plant nutrients they contain can be made available for agricultural use again.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":226,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:54.941Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV2Y","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":6,"text":"After targeted treatment, the plant nutrients they contain can be made available for agricultural use again.","sourceText":"After targeted treatment, the plant nutrients they contain can be made available for agricultural use again.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Resource-oriented sanitation systems (ROS) offer a sustainable solution for managing these raw materials: they collect nutrient-rich material streams from human excreta separately and, as far as possible, undiluted with water. After targeted treatment, the plant nutrients they contain can be made available for agricultural use again.","spanStart":227,"spanEnd":335,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:57.088Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV2Z","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":7,"text":"A research team has studied this treatment process, compiling extensive international data on various ROS-based recycled fertilizers for the first time in a recent study.","sourceText":"A research team has studied this treatment process, compiling extensive international data on various ROS-based recycled fertilizers for the first time in a recent study.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"A research team has studied this treatment process, compiling extensive international data on various ROS-based recycled fertilizers for the first time in a recent study. For 13 types of recycled fertilizers, sufficient data were available to characterize their properties in detail. The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":170,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:59.215Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV30","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":8,"text":"For 13 types of recycled fertilizers, sufficient data were available to characterize their properties in detail.","sourceText":"For 13 types of recycled fertilizers, sufficient data were available to characterize their properties in detail.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"A research team has studied this treatment process, compiling extensive international data on various ROS-based recycled fertilizers for the first time in a recent study. For 13 types of recycled fertilizers, sufficient data were available to characterize their properties in detail. The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science.","spanStart":171,"spanEnd":283,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:01.466Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV31","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":9,"text":"The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science.","sourceText":"The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"A research team has studied this treatment process, compiling extensive international data on various ROS-based recycled fertilizers for the first time in a recent study. For 13 types of recycled fertilizers, sufficient data were available to characterize their properties in detail. The study is published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science.","spanStart":284,"spanEnd":357,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:47.745Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV32","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":10,"text":"Many can be classified into known categories of mineral, organic or organic-mineral fertilizers in terms of nutrient composition and function.","sourceText":"Many can be classified into known categories of mineral, organic or organic-mineral fertilizers in terms of nutrient composition and function.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Many can be classified into known categories of mineral, organic or organic-mineral fertilizers in terms of nutrient composition and function. The results show that the recycled products are just as effective agronomically as conventional fertilizers.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":142,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:04.239Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV33","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":11,"text":"The results show that the recycled products are just as effective agronomically as conventional fertilizers.","sourceText":"The results show that the recycled products are just as effective agronomically as conventional fertilizers.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Many can be classified into known categories of mineral, organic or organic-mineral fertilizers in terms of nutrient composition and function. The results show that the recycled products are just as effective agronomically as conventional fertilizers.","spanStart":143,"spanEnd":251,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:06.414Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV34","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":12,"text":"\"Our findings provide an important scientific basis for their application, as they show that recycled fertilizers derived from separately collected material streams are not second-class fertilizers,\" says Martina Winker of the Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE), a co-author of the study.","sourceText":"\"Our findings provide an important scientific basis for their application, as they show that recycled fertilizers derived from separately collected material streams are not second-class fertilizers,\" says Martina Winker of the Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE), a co-author of the study.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"Our findings provide an important scientific basis for their application, as they show that recycled fertilizers derived from separately collected material streams are not second-class fertilizers,\" says Martina Winker of the Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE), a co-author of the study.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":301,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:38.874Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV35","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":13,"text":"\"For the study, we compiled more than 450 data sets from over 200 sources across 32 countries and analyzed them at the product level.","sourceText":"\"For the study, we compiled more than 450 data sets from over 200 sources across 32 countries and analyzed them at the product level.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"For the study, we compiled more than 450 data sets from over 200 sources across 32 countries and analyzed them at the product level. Our findings on individual fertilizer products show that nutrient recycling from human waste has long been a scientific topic at the international level,\" says Ariane Krause of the Network for Sustainable Sanitation (NetSan), also a co-author of the study.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":133,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:43.287Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV36","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":14,"text":"Our findings on individual fertilizer products show that nutrient recycling from human waste has long been a scientific topic at the international level,\" says Ariane Krause of the Network for Sustainable Sanitation (NetSan), also a co-author of the study.","sourceText":"Our findings on individual fertilizer products show that nutrient recycling from human waste has long been a scientific topic at the international level,\" says Ariane Krause of the Network for Sustainable Sanitation (NetSan), also a co-author of the study.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"For the study, we compiled more than 450 data sets from over 200 sources across 32 countries and analyzed them at the product level. Our findings on individual fertilizer products show that nutrient recycling from human waste has long been a scientific topic at the international level,\" says Ariane Krause of the Network for Sustainable Sanitation (NetSan), also a co-author of the study.","spanStart":134,"spanEnd":390,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:47.187Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV37","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":15,"text":"\"Until now, however, there has been no comprehensive overview of the wide variety of products, processes and application conditions.","sourceText":"\"Until now, however, there has been no comprehensive overview of the wide variety of products, processes and application conditions.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"\"Until now, however, there has been no comprehensive overview of the wide variety of products, processes and application conditions. We wanted to highlight what can actually be deduced from this broad body of evidence and where gaps in knowledge still exist.\"","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":132,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:46.060Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV38","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":16,"text":"Nutrient content depends on raw materials and processing","sourceText":"Nutrient content depends on raw materials and processing","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Nutrient content depends on raw materials and processing","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":56,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:10.932Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV39","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":17,"text":"The nutrients contained in a ROS-based fertilizer—as well as their form and concentration—depend largely on the raw material and the specific processing method.","sourceText":"The nutrients contained in a ROS-based fertilizer—as well as their form and concentration—depend largely on the raw material and the specific processing method.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The nutrients contained in a ROS-based fertilizer—as well as their form and concentration—depend largely on the raw material and the specific processing method. Physicochemical properties such as pH, salt content or the proportion of organic matter also vary among products and influence their potential applications.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":160,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:45.526Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3A","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":18,"text":"The picture is more nuanced when it comes to potential contaminants.","sourceText":"The picture is more nuanced when it comes to potential contaminants.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The picture is more nuanced when it comes to potential contaminants. Overall, the heavy metal concentrations examined were predominantly low and comparable to those in established fertilizers. The feedstock and treatment conditions are particularly critical for hygiene safety.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":68,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":true,"demotedReason":"not_checkable","l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:44:49.668Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3B","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":19,"text":"Overall, the heavy metal concentrations examined were predominantly low and comparable to those in established fertilizers.","sourceText":"Overall, the heavy metal concentrations examined were predominantly low and comparable to those in established fertilizers.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The picture is more nuanced when it comes to potential contaminants. Overall, the heavy metal concentrations examined were predominantly low and comparable to those in established fertilizers. The feedstock and treatment conditions are particularly critical for hygiene safety.","spanStart":69,"spanEnd":192,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:14.263Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3C","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":20,"text":"The feedstock and treatment conditions are particularly critical for hygiene safety.","sourceText":"The feedstock and treatment conditions are particularly critical for hygiene safety.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The picture is more nuanced when it comes to potential contaminants. Overall, the heavy metal concentrations examined were predominantly low and comparable to those in established fertilizers. The feedstock and treatment conditions are particularly critical for hygiene safety.","spanStart":193,"spanEnd":277,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:16.407Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3D","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":21,"text":"In contrast, the data on organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical residues or PFAS are still incomplete and do not yet allow for a comparably comprehensive assessment across all product groups.","sourceText":"In contrast, the data on organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical residues or PFAS are still incomplete and do not yet allow for a comparably comprehensive assessment across all product groups.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"In contrast, the data on organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical residues or PFAS are still incomplete and do not yet allow for a comparably comprehensive assessment across all product groups.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":196,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:46.610Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3E","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":22,"text":"No systematic yield disadvantage compared to mineral fertilization","sourceText":"No systematic yield disadvantage compared to mineral fertilization","derivedFrom":"span","context":"No systematic yield disadvantage compared to mineral fertilization","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":66,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"medium","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:19.141Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3F","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":23,"text":"The fertilizing effect was determined for the study using a quantitative meta-analysis of 134 data sets from 68 sources, including 31 crop species as well as field, pot and hydroponic trials.","sourceText":"The fertilizing effect was determined for the study using a quantitative meta-analysis of 134 data sets from 68 sources, including 31 crop species as well as field, pot and hydroponic trials.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"The fertilizing effect was determined for the study using a quantitative meta-analysis of 134 data sets from 68 sources, including 31 crop species as well as field, pot and hydroponic trials.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":191,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:49:41.647Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true},{"id":"01M4TYWFKGE52FEWR11VNWEV3G","receiptId":"01M4TYVXWC4M8M00Z380DBA59K","ord":24,"text":"Across the recycled fertilizers examined, no systematic yield disadvantage was observed compared to mineral fertilizers; yields were generally significantly higher than in unfertilized control treatments.","sourceText":"Across the recycled fertilizers examined, no systematic yield disadvantage was observed compared to mineral fertilizers; yields were generally significantly higher than in unfertilized control treatments.","derivedFrom":"span","context":"Across the recycled fertilizers examined, no systematic yield disadvantage was observed compared to mineral fertilizers; yields were generally significantly higher than in unfertilized control treatments. However, the specific effect depends, among other factors, on nutrient form, soil, crop and management practices.","spanStart":0,"spanEnd":204,"status":"unverified","notAutoChecked":"allegation","namedPersonAllegation":null,"checkableBand":"high","demoted":false,"demotedReason":null,"l3Attempted":false,"createdAt":"2026-10-13T15:42:48.151Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T15:50:21.857Z","evidence":[],"history":[],"corrections":[],"editorial":[],"endorsements":[],"allegationNotAssessed":true}],"now":1792146499770}